{
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    "analysis": "1",
    "date": "2026-06-30",
    "extends_uuid": "",
    "info": "[Threat Intel] RustDuck: An In-Depth Analysis of a Two-Stage Botnet",
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    "publish_timestamp": "1783858368",
    "published": true,
    "threat_level_id": "3",
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    "Orgc": {
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        "name": "tlp:clear",
        "relationship_type": ""
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      {
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        "local": false,
        "name": "type:OSINT",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
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        "local": false,
        "name": "rectifyq:mitre-att&ck=\"none-from-src\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#b94b1d",
        "local": false,
        "name": "rectifyq:mitre-att&ck=\"from-OTX\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#7d7034",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"System Information Discovery - T1082\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#ff841f",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Application Layer Protocol - T1071\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
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      {
        "colour": "#a92e1c",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information - T1140\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
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        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Exploit Public-Facing Application - T1190\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#75ec20",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Masquerading - T1036\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#43c8db",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Process Injection - T1055\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#657ac3",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Protocol Tunneling - T1572\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#9f6bd9",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"System Network Configuration Discovery - T1016\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#adf1b0",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Proxy - T1090\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#20f80d",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Command and Scripting Interpreter - T1059\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
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        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"File and Directory Discovery - T1083\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
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        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion - T1497\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#62f4c1",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Process Discovery - T1057\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
      },
      {
        "colour": "#70b0b5",
        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Brute Force - T1110\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
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        "local": false,
        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Valid Accounts - T1078\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
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        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Obfuscated Files or Information - T1027\"",
        "relationship_type": ""
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        "name": "misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern=\"Encrypted Channel - T1573\"",
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        "name": "rectifyq:category=\"threat\"",
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        "name": "rectifyq:MY-relevancy=\"potentially-relevant\"",
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        "name": "misp-galaxy:operating-system=\"Android\"",
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    ],
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        "comment": "",
        "deleted": false,
        "disable_correlation": false,
        "timestamp": "1782990007",
        "to_ids": false,
        "type": "link",
        "uuid": "75752734-0183-4449-b329-62c55cc2746b",
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        "comment": "Description",
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        "disable_correlation": false,
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        "to_ids": false,
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        "value": "Since February 2026, a new malware family utilizing a Loader plus Core two-stage architecture has been detected, primarily conducting large-scale DDoS attacks with strong cross-platform capabilities. The family is transitioning from C to Rust programming language, demonstrating rapid evolution in anti-defense and traffic encryption techniques. Propagation methods include weak password brute-forcing via Telnet and SSH, exploitation of IoT device vulnerabilities affecting Android ADB, TVT API, Ruijie, TP-Link, and ZTE devices, plus web component vulnerabilities in ThinkPHP, Jenkins, and YARN. The botnet employs sophisticated anti-debugging mechanisms including environment checks, honeypot detection, and timing verification. Communication protocols leverage Curve25519 key exchange, ChaCha20-Poly1305 and AES-GCM encryption, implementing strict handshake verification processes. Over 20 IPs have been observed spreading the botnet, with multiple variants showing increasingly complex encryption and obfuscation techn"
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        "disable_correlation": false,
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        "type": "text",
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      },
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        "category": "External analysis",
        "comment": "",
        "deleted": false,
        "disable_correlation": false,
        "timestamp": "1782990007",
        "to_ids": false,
        "type": "vulnerability",
        "uuid": "dc84bc75-3916-4f94-b5fb-3a25838ef6e5",
        "value": "CVE-2017-17215"
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        "category": "External analysis",
        "comment": "",
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        "disable_correlation": false,
        "timestamp": "1782990007",
        "to_ids": false,
        "type": "vulnerability",
        "uuid": "e3bc50d8-0b2b-4680-bb4c-ef7303f18edf",
        "value": "CVE-2024-1781"
      },
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        "comment": "",
        "deleted": false,
        "disable_correlation": false,
        "timestamp": "1782990007",
        "to_ids": false,
        "type": "vulnerability",
        "uuid": "8e2c6b69-9cfd-4d26-8a2f-28d153f42971",
        "value": "CVE-2018-8007"
      },
      {
        "category": "Network activity",
        "comment": "",
        "deleted": false,
        "disable_correlation": false,
        "timestamp": "1783847401",
        "to_ids": true,
        "type": "domain",
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        "value": "disciplinenahidwin.st",
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        "type": "vulnerability",
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        "timestamp": "1783847422",
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        "category": "Payload delivery",
        "comment": "No sample in VT\r\nLast check: 12/07/2026",
        "deleted": false,
        "disable_correlation": false,
        "timestamp": "1783846936",
        "to_ids": true,
        "type": "sha1",
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            "relationship_type": ""
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            "local": false,
            "name": "rectifyq:no-samples-in=\"Tria.ge\"",
            "relationship_type": ""
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        "disable_correlation": false,
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        "to_ids": true,
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        "to_ids": true,
        "type": "domain",
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        "to_ids": true,
        "type": "hostname",
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        "to_ids": true,
        "type": "hostname",
        "uuid": "ddfbcbde-47a2-43f5-8492-e57d9f27a5e6",
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            "relationship_type": ""
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        "type": "hostname",
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                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"MalwareBazaar\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#230087",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"Tria.ge\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "category": "Other",
            "comment": "Checked: 12/07/2026\nLast-scan: 07/07/2026",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": true,
            "first_seen": "2026-05-10T18:59:39+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-06-20T19:36:55+00:00",
            "object_relation": "text",
            "timestamp": "1783845951",
            "to_ids": false,
            "type": "text",
            "uuid": "a54114b6-a183-44d3-9c35-abd0301d0452",
            "value": "Type Description: ELF\nMicrosoft: Trojan:Linux/Multiverze!rfn\nClamAV: None\nVT Total Detection: 30/73\nFirst Seen In The Wild: 2026-06-30T04:00:23+00:00\nFirst Submission: 2026-05-10T18:59:39+00:00\nLast Submission: 2026-06-20T19:36:55+00:00"
          },
          {
            "category": "Payload delivery",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": false,
            "first_seen": "2026-05-10T18:59:39+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-06-20T19:36:55+00:00",
            "object_relation": "ssdeep",
            "timestamp": "1783845951",
            "to_ids": true,
            "type": "ssdeep",
            "uuid": "34cdbb56-f4ea-4caa-8583-90c56a64fbba",
            "value": "3072:1U/suahz+bPcp2dMVOUuatDdYpZtE1GfIF2b+w0B:1dLS7csOuCMZ+1GwjwU"
          },
          {
            "category": "Other",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": true,
            "first_seen": "2026-05-10T18:59:39+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-06-20T19:36:55+00:00",
            "object_relation": "size-in-bytes",
            "timestamp": "1783845951",
            "to_ids": false,
            "type": "size-in-bytes",
            "uuid": "bae32ba8-9300-4a25-bc80-750dcd74658a",
            "value": "123522"
          },
          {
            "category": "Payload delivery",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": false,
            "first_seen": "2026-05-10T18:59:39+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-06-20T19:36:55+00:00",
            "object_relation": "vhash",
            "timestamp": "1783845951",
            "to_ids": true,
            "type": "vhash",
            "uuid": "c8339c38-c722-466c-8af1-de4401a76c1e",
            "value": "c7c301e3ac9673176947867b01939064"
          },
          {
            "category": "Payload delivery",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": true,
            "first_seen": "2026-05-10T18:59:39+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-06-20T19:36:55+00:00",
            "object_relation": "filename",
            "timestamp": "1783845951",
            "to_ids": true,
            "type": "filename",
            "uuid": "b4c78ca0-84f0-4f4c-a720-919fa2e84697",
            "value": "b519ae088ee0fd4658c16aab474d51c6acdc5c9cd7fab3fd69032d05a45ffd9b.elf"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "comment": "",
        "deleted": false,
        "description": "File object describing a file with meta-information",
        "first_seen": "2026-02-06T10:31:13+00:00",
        "last_seen": "2026-02-08T01:56:31+00:00",
        "meta-category": "file",
        "name": "file",
        "template_uuid": "688c46fb-5edb-40a3-8273-1af7923e2215",
        "template_version": "25",
        "timestamp": "1783847654",
        "uuid": "eabd21f0-7a68-4be1-b350-98ad19a64c11",
        "Attribute": [
          {
            "category": "Payload delivery",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": false,
            "first_seen": "2026-02-06T10:31:13+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-02-08T01:56:31+00:00",
            "object_relation": "md5",
            "timestamp": "1783847654",
            "to_ids": true,
            "type": "md5",
            "uuid": "3386e91c-792d-4b32-9c80-b87a3117bba0",
            "value": "9d864a76a4f6dc1d26febd34856c0509",
            "Tag": [
              {
                "colour": "#260091",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:ioc=\"enriched\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#220085",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"VirusTotal\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#220082",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"MalwareBazaar\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#230087",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"Tria.ge\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#342294",
                "local": false,
                "name": "CommentAdded",
                "relationship_type": ""
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "category": "Payload delivery",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": false,
            "first_seen": "2026-02-06T10:31:13+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-02-08T01:56:31+00:00",
            "object_relation": "sha1",
            "timestamp": "1783846934",
            "to_ids": true,
            "type": "sha1",
            "uuid": "54b8cd21-98bf-4561-8dde-11534d3e8a1e",
            "value": "8315f650e9e4f67c00277b076ab304eed23db47d",
            "Tag": [
              {
                "colour": "#260091",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:ioc=\"enriched\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#220085",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"VirusTotal\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#220082",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"MalwareBazaar\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#230087",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"Tria.ge\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "category": "Payload delivery",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": false,
            "first_seen": "2026-02-06T10:31:13+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-02-08T01:56:31+00:00",
            "object_relation": "sha256",
            "timestamp": "1783846935",
            "to_ids": true,
            "type": "sha256",
            "uuid": "12cd9eef-b70d-45c5-a0ff-2dadadbcbe83",
            "value": "a5d1b65b1055677156cd87b357ef488704115a2cbf52044dbb041072efed2f9d",
            "Tag": [
              {
                "colour": "#260091",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:ioc=\"enriched\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#220085",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"VirusTotal\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#220082",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"MalwareBazaar\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              },
              {
                "colour": "#230087",
                "local": false,
                "name": "rectifyq:samples-found-in=\"Tria.ge\"",
                "relationship_type": ""
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "category": "Other",
            "comment": "Checked: 12/07/2026\nLast-scan: 11/07/2026",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": true,
            "first_seen": "2026-02-06T10:31:13+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-02-08T01:56:31+00:00",
            "object_relation": "text",
            "timestamp": "1783845993",
            "to_ids": false,
            "type": "text",
            "uuid": "fa3e920a-ab79-4c93-b333-fc9fcbcf35e9",
            "value": "Type Description: ELF\nMicrosoft: Trojan:Linux/Multiverze!rfn\nClamAV: None\nVT Total Detection: 32/74\nFirst Seen In The Wild: 2026-02-06T11:03:09+00:00\nFirst Submission: 2026-02-06T10:31:13+00:00\nLast Submission: 2026-02-08T01:56:31+00:00"
          },
          {
            "category": "Payload delivery",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": false,
            "first_seen": "2026-02-06T10:31:13+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-02-08T01:56:31+00:00",
            "object_relation": "ssdeep",
            "timestamp": "1783845993",
            "to_ids": true,
            "type": "ssdeep",
            "uuid": "4d6ab2cd-644a-444c-be07-f991c9e3ca11",
            "value": "3072:qa3z5a9yc6D6IZiNjux/7BXZlydm1+e/4/jcc4giiZU1q:qqm109Zihk/tlr4L7DimU8"
          },
          {
            "category": "Other",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": true,
            "first_seen": "2026-02-06T10:31:13+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-02-08T01:56:31+00:00",
            "object_relation": "size-in-bytes",
            "timestamp": "1783845993",
            "to_ids": false,
            "type": "size-in-bytes",
            "uuid": "ba0e446c-85ab-4da4-97eb-02b299be5bbf",
            "value": "149030"
          },
          {
            "category": "Payload delivery",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": false,
            "first_seen": "2026-02-06T10:31:13+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-02-08T01:56:31+00:00",
            "object_relation": "vhash",
            "timestamp": "1783845993",
            "to_ids": true,
            "type": "vhash",
            "uuid": "4685e515-e7ba-4f03-9e91-f04f64b2a7ae",
            "value": "ee8866dcdd6eee9fc406796437a0ef34"
          },
          {
            "category": "Payload delivery",
            "comment": "",
            "deleted": false,
            "disable_correlation": true,
            "first_seen": "2026-02-06T10:31:13+00:00",
            "last_seen": "2026-02-08T01:56:31+00:00",
            "object_relation": "filename",
            "timestamp": "1783845993",
            "to_ids": true,
            "type": "filename",
            "uuid": "99644622-a5ae-484d-bb68-09f576641179",
            "value": "a5d1b65b1055677156cd87b357ef488704115a2cbf52044dbb041072efed2f9d.elf"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}